Detection of spore-forming bacteria involved in food spoilage is becoming easier and easier with molecular methods, but still two problems are not solved: (1) isolation by cultural methods is challenging due to a lack of media selectivity, and (2) direct detection of spores struggles with detection threshold. Spoilage risk management implies taking into account many parameters, including species, and individual cell variability, but also food composition and food processing parameters. Bacterial endospores, for example, have been described as the most durable cells in nature (1). One highly successful strategy that allows a cell or population to escape life-threatening conditions is the production of spores. A relationship between optimal growth temperature and spore resistance has frequently been observed. Bacteria thrive in amazingly diverse ecosystems and often tolerate large uctuations within a particular en-vironment. Consistently, the spores they form exhibit various structures and very diverse resistance levels.
![spore forming bacteria spore forming bacteria](https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0924224416303235-fx1.jpg)
They can resist high temperatures, humidity, and other environmental conditions. Certain bacteria make spores as a way to defend themselves.
![spore forming bacteria spore forming bacteria](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kozo-Asano/publication/232235937/figure/tbl2/AS:393474244399112@1470822978879/Characteristics-of-non-dividing-cells-a-of-non-spore-forming-bacteria.png)
The spoilages they cause differ by gas production, acidification level, and quickness of appearance. A spore is a cell that certain fungi, plants (moss, ferns), and bacteria produce. As such, they are ubiquitous and contaminate food from soil, raw materials, ingredients, and processing environment. Disclosed and claimed are novel nucleotide primers which specifically amplify sporulation genes common to spore forming bacteria. They are psychrotrophic, mesophilic or thermophilic, aerobic or anaerobic, and use minerals or organic molecules for energy formation. A process using polymerize chain reaction (PCR) technology is described for the detection of spore forming bacteria in paper products and paper manufacturing streams and additives.
![spore forming bacteria spore forming bacteria](https://www.scientific.net/AMR.955-959.3548/preview.gif)
Spore-forming bacteria belong to the same Firmicutes phylum but to different classes.